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Dietary supplementation of organic acids has emerged as a potential strategy to improve the performance and health of broiler chickens while reducing the dependence on antibiotics. This article reviews the effects of organic acid supplementation on broiler chicken performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry. Organic acids, such as formic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, possess antimicrobial and acidifying properties that promote gut health and nutrient utilization. Research has consistently shown that organic acid supplementation enhances broiler performance, including body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Furthermore, organic acids positively influence the structural integrity of the intestinal lining, promoting longer villi and deeper crypts, which improves nutrient absorption and reduces the risk of intestinal disorders. Organic acids also modulate serum biochemistry parameters, such as glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and enzyme activities, reflecting improved metabolic functions and overall health in broiler chickens. The mode of action involves acidification of the gastrointestinal tract, inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, promotion of beneficial bacteria, and provision of an energy source for enterocytes. Incorporating organic acids as feed additives can optimize broiler production and contribute to sustainable and antibiotic-free poultry farming. However, further research is needed to determine optimal dosage, duration, and combinations of organic acids for maximizing benefits without adverse effects.
