Author(s):
Membrane transport plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by regulating the movement of molecules across the plasma membrane. There are two primary mechanisms of membrane transport: active and passive transport. Passive transport, including diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, relies on concentration gradients and does not require energy input. Active transport, on the other hand, moves molecules against their concentration gradients and requires energy in the form of ATP. This review explores the mechanisms underlying both transport processes, focusing on their molecular mechanisms, key players, and physiological significance. Passive transport is characterized by the movement of small, nonpolar molecules, while active transport involves the use of specialized transport proteins like pumps, carriers, and vesicles. Both mechanisms work together to ensure proper cellular function, allowing cells to maintain their internal environment and respond to external stimuli. Understanding the interplay between active and passive transport is essential for comprehending cellular behavior in health and disease.
